HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (BIOLOGY 212)
LECTURE SCHEDULE, SPRING 2001
Instructor: Dr. David Maxwell
Office, S-210
(910) 521-6422
E-Mail: David@nat.uncp.edu
Textbook: Human Anatomy and Physiology
Fifth Edition
Elaine Marieb
Lab Manual: A Guide to Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory
Second Edition
Thomas Rust
Course Objectives
Students enrolled in this course will be expected to learn the basic structure and function of
several organs systems of the human body. In biology 212 the systems covered will include the
cardiovascular, immune, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems.
It should be noted that Biology 212 is the second of a two part sequence of courses. The first part of the sequence (Biology 211) is recommended but not required for the second part. An important part of this course is the laboratory experience which provides the student the opportunity to reinforce concepts introduced in the lecture via "hands on" dissection and
experimentation.
Tests and Grading
The course grade will be determined by the average of six tests. Four of these tests will be administered in lecture and two in laboratory. A typical lecture test will consist of 45 multiple choice questions (counting 90%) and two discussion questions (counting 5% each). The fourth lecture examination will be administered during the final exam period. The final exam is not comprehensive and will count as one lecture test. Laboratory exams are "practical" examinations.
Grading Scale
Average 90-100 88-89 84-87 79-83 76-78 72-75 63-71 60-62 56-59 50-56
on Tests
Grade A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D
An average below 50 will result in a failing (F) grade.
Attendance Policy
Regular attendance is expected and required. All students are expected to attend all classes except when unavoidable circumstances arise. Excess absenteeism may result in a reduction of grade. It is not necessary to inform the instructor of the reason for the absence.
Lecture Test Schedule
Test 1 Friday, February 2
Test 2 Friday, March 2
Test 3 Wednesday, April 4
Test 4 Final Examination Period (Monday, May 7 at 8:00am)
Missing of Tests The missing of a test is a very serious matter. Tests should not be missed unless absolutely unavoidable. If at all possible the necessity to miss a test should be discussed with the instructor BEFORE the test. It that is not possible the instructor should be contacted as soon as possible to discuss the feasibility of a make-up examination. Make-ups will not be given unless an excuse satisfactory to the instructor is given. Make-up examinations may have an all discussion format.
Student Conduct and Deportment. Students are expected to be in their seats ready for the class to begin at the scheduled time. The instructor should not have difficulty in getting the attention of the class. Students should be seated in a conventional matter and remain attentive and awake throughout the class. Students who persist in talking, sleeping or habitually coming into class after the class has started may be asked to leave. Students who do homework from other classes,
fill out their course schedules or write postcards to their friends will not be regarded favorably.
LECTURE SCHEDULE
Section I. Blood (Chapter 18) and The Immune System (Chapter 22)
Composition and functions of blood, blood plasma, formed elements, plasma proteins, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Hemoglobin and oxygen transport. Erythropoiesis and the anemias. Hemostasis
Humoral and tissue immunity. Active and passive immunity. The generation of an immune response. The generation of antibody diversity. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. Blood groups and blood typing. Disorders of the immune system including AIDS.
Test Friday, February 2
Section II. The Cardiovascular System: the Heart (Chapter 19), Blood Vessels (Chapter 20)
The Lymphatic System (Chapter 21)
Heart chambers and associated great vessels. Pathways of blood flow through the heart.
Heart valves and heart sounds. The sinoatrial node and nervous regulation of the rate and force of heart action. The atrioventricular node and the ventricular conduction system. Contractile characteristics of cardiac muscle. The determinants of cardiac output. Cardiac output at rest and during exercise.
Structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries. The relationship between cardiac output,
peripheral resistance and blood pressure. Nervous regulation of blood pressure. Capillary membrane dynamics.
Lymph vessels and lymphatic tissues. Flow of lymph, edema and blockage of lymphatic drainage.
Test Friday, March 2
Section III. The Respiratory System (Chpt 23), The Digestive System (Chpt 24),
Nutrition and Metabolism (Chpt 25)
Structure and function of the respiratory system. Mechanism of ventilation. Vital capacity and
lung volumes and capacities. Exchange or respiratory gasses across the respiratory membrane.
Transport of respiratory gasses by the blood. The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. The types of hypoxia. The respiratory quotient.
Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system. The digestion and absorption
of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The enzymes of digestion.
The metabolic fate of foods after absorption. The hormonal regulation of metabolism.
The absorptive and postabsorptive phases of metabolism. Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis,
lipogenesis, and lipolysis. The critical role of the liver in metabolism. The structure and
function of plasma lipoproteins. The metabolism of cholesterol. Basal metabolic rate.
The essential amino acids. The physiological role of vitamins.
Test Wednesday, April 4
Section IV. The Urinary System (Chapter 26) and The Reproductive Systems (Chapter 28)
Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. Structure and function of the nephron.
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Renal clearance of
protein, glucose, sodium, urea, ammonia and other compounds. Hormonal regulation of kidney function. The role of ADH in water balance. The role of aldosterone and the kidney in
the regulation of fluid volume and blood pressure.
Anatomy and physiology of the male and female reproductive systems. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Regulation of gonadal function by pituitary gonadotrophins. The physiological effects of the gonadal steroids. The cyclic nature of the functioning of the female reproductive system. The follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle Meiotic arrest in oogenesis.
The sexually indifferent stage and determination of genotypic and phenotypic sex. Human chorionic gonadotrophin and early pregnancy.
Test Final Examination Period - Monday, May 7 at 8:00am
Laboratory Schedule
Jan 8,9 No Laboratory
Jan 15, 16 No Laboratory - Martin Luther King Birthday
Jan 22, 23 Determination of Concentration of Hemoglobin in Blood
Jan 29,30 Blood Typing, Microhematocrit, Blood Pressure
Feb 5,6 Dissection of Circulatory System of Cat
Feb 12,13 Dissection of Circulatory System of Cat
Feb 19,20 Dissection of Circulatory System of Cat
Feb 26,27 Midterm Laboratory Examination
Mar 5,6 No Laboratory - Spring Break
Mar 12,13 Dissection of Cat Digestive and Respiratory Systems, Spirometer
Mar 19,20 Digestion Experiments
Mar 26,27 The Phases of Metabolism
April 2,3 Dissection of Cat Urinary and Reproductive Systems
April 9,10 The Clearance of Urea
April 16,17 The Histology of Gonads
April 23, 24 ELISA for Human Gonadotrophin
April 30, 1 Final Laboratory Examination
BIOLOGY 212 - HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Revised Schedule - Spring 2000
Lecture
Test I. Monday, February 7
Test II. Monday, February 28
Test II. Friday, March 24
Test IV. Wednesday, April 12
Test V. Final Examination, Monday, May 8
Laboratory
Monday Lab
Jan 24 Dissection of Circulatory System I
Jan 31 Dissection of Circulatory System II
Feb 7 Dissection of Circulatory System III
Feb 14 No Laboratory
Feb 21 No Laboratory
Feb 28 Blood Typing, Microhematocrit, Blood Cells
TUESDAY Feb 29 Midterm Examination
Tuesday Lab
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY (BIOLOGY 212)
SCHEDULE OF MONDAY LABORATORY, SPRING 2000
Date
Jan 10 Spectrophotometry of Hemoglobin
Jan 17 Holiday
Jan 24 Dissection of Circulatory System I
Jan 31 Dissection of Circulatory System II
Feb 7 Dissection of Circulatory System III
Feb 14 Dissection of Circulatory System IV
Feb 21 No Laboratory
Feb 28 Blood Typing, Microhematocrit, Blood Cells
MIDTERM EXAMINATION ON TUESDAY, February 29
March 6 Spring Break
March 13 Dissection of Digestive and Respiratory Systems
March 20 Digestion Experiments
March 27 Absorptive and Postabsorptive Phases of Metabolism
April 3 The Clearance of Urea
April 10 Dissection of Urinary and Reproductive Systems
April 17 Histology of Gonads
April 24 Pregnancy Tests
FINAL EXAMINATION ON MONDAY, MAY 1
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY (BIOLOGY 212)
SCHEDULE OF TUESDAY LABORATORY, SPRING SEMESTER 2000
Jan 11 Spectrophotometry of Hemoglobin
Jan 18 No Laboratory
Jan 25 Dissection of Circulatory System I
Feb 1 Dissection of Circulatory System II
Feb 8 Dissection of Circulatory System III
Feb 15 Dissection of Circulatory System IV
Feb 22 Blood Cells, Blood Typing, Microhematocrit, Blood Pressure
Feb 29 MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Mar 7 Spring Break
Mar 14 Dissection of Digestive and Respiratory Systems
Mar 21 Digestion Experiments
Mar 28 Absorptive and Postabsorptive Phases of Metabolism
April 4 Clearance of Urea
April 11 Dissection of Urinary and Reproductive Systems
April 18 Histology of Gonads
April 25 Pregnancy Tests
May 3 FINAL LABORATORY EXAMINATION, MONDAY MAY 1